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Photograph of Cottage 31, which once housed up to 55 people according to Kathy Hanewicz, director of STS

Neglect, Abuse, & Mistreatment

STS has a very long and complicated history of depriving residents of their constitutional rights. The information you will find below includes documented evidence of the inhumane and unjust treatment that plagued the institution for decades, a lot of which is incredibly heavy and disheartening. While this is likely only the tip of the iceberg, it is important to share what we do know so that we can remember. 

Early Years

Mistreatment of 16 y.o. boy who ran away - 1943
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The Waterbury Democrat - August 10, 1943

The two articles on the left detail the treatment of Harold Smith, a 16 year old resident who attempted to runaway. In the first article, published in August, we learn that the father filed a charge against his son's cottage master for mistreatment. The accused employee, Edwin W. Holm, admitted to slapping Harold, although the charges that he was "punched or deprived of meals," were fiercely denied. In the second article from October, more information about true nature of the charges is revealed. Harold had given his own testimony about how Holm had treated him (see highlighted section). Despite this, all charges were dropped; Holm was only to pay a fine and would even be reinstated after the case concluded. According to the defense attorney, it had become matter of "whether the court believed the testimony of the state's witness or the testimony of the dependent's witness." â€‹

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Superintendent Roselle claimed that this was the first time in their 2.5 years of operation that a complaint like this has been brought forth and proven to be true, however, this is highly misleading. This is the story of just one person out of over 1,000 who were staying at STS at the time–one that was capable and brave enough to speak up about his experience. Yet, with his word against the cottage master, all the horrible abuses were reduced to a slap (which is still abusive, but immensely downgrades the extent of mistreatment alleged in the testimonial). Chances are, this kind of silencing, covering up, and denial of mistreatment affected so many more.

Passing of 9 y.o. boy due to lack of supervision - 1943
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The Waterbury Democrat - September 21, 1943

This set of articles discusses the death of Bonaventure Rispoli. Bonaventure, who was only 9 years old, passed away after sustaining abdominal injuries during a bath with another resident who was 19 years old. Residents that bathed together were supposed to be under constant supervision to ensure safety at all times, something that Clarence Northrup had failed to do. Due to his negligence, an innocent child lost his life. Yet, once again, all charges were dropped, and Northrup was to be reinstated at STS. The ruling judge claimed that Northrup lacked "evil intent" and suggested that he did not willfully cause these chain of events, therefore absolving him of all guilt.

 

In stepping away from the two residents, Northrup abandoned his responsibilities as an attendant and endangered the lives of both individuals. Even if he himself wasn't entirely to blame, for example if understaffing issues forced him to step away to attend to other pressing matters, STS failed to take necessary accountability.

Special Report of Board of Trustees to Governor Baldwin - 1943

The Special Report discusses the results of an investigation intended to address grievances made by former and current employees at STS. There were a total of 5 testimonies from the employees, among a number of other general complaints concerning more well-known cases, all of which were meticulously picked apart and refuted. In perusing the 130 pages of content for what felt like hours on end, it truly felt like the Board denied nearly everything and made excuses for things that were undeniable. And they used very strong, and frankly, belittling language. Below, I discussed some of happenings that stood out to me the most, though I'm sure there are many more buried within the document. There are two employee testimonials that stuck with me the most: Ms. Sheldon's and Ms. Percival's.  In Ms. Sheldon's testimonial, her first complaint was that she was essentially thrown into the work without any instruction or training. To my surprise, the Board admitted that this was a fault of there's and that with high turnover rates, it was difficult to manage everything. However, they justified their actions with the following quote:​ "Unfortunately, we are dealing with children who are not ill in any manner, and whose care is purely custodial, so that adequate care can be given even by the inexperienced." This statement completely violates everything that the new institution prided themselves on. From better learning opportunities for all children with disabilities to state-of-the-art training programs for employees, STS was supposed to be better than existing facilities. Even throughout this one document, there is so much contradiction in regard to their goals and outlooks for the children. ​ ​Ms. Percival's testimonial, on the other hand, was probably one of the biggest talking point's in the report. She made a series of complaints ranging from inadequate medical attention to negligent supervision from employees. She also said that the children were fed spoiled fish and allowed to swim in a pool that was unsanitary/unhygienic (which the Board admitted to but claimed that following sickness was measles and not related). This reminded me a lot of the spoiled milk situation at MTS. In response to these allegations, the Board chipped away her legitimacy by claiming that she had personal grievance with her job and a drinking problem. Furthermore, they cited various instances in which she was found to mistreat the children, which is ironic. Regardless if her complaints were factual or not, the fact that she was kept on despite all of the evidence they presented of her misconduct is telling in itself. The last thing I wanted to point out was the discussion of Harold Smith's case. At the very end of the report, an investigator wrote about an interaction an employee, Mr. Reeves. Reeves claimed that Harold was a "troublemaker" who often made physical threats to others, and said that he would "smash this Smith boy's nose all over his face if he attempts to hit him." If this is how one employee felt about interacting with children who are more difficult to manage, there's no doubt that a lot of others, like Holm, harbored similar feelings. ​ Overall, from both the 5 "disgruntled" employees and the stellar employees that were asked to give input, it was clear that STS was severely understaffed, just three years after opening. This would become a deep-rooted problem with STS, as it had afflicted previous institutional models, sealing their fate as essentially a custodial facility.

October 14, 1943

Federal Investigations

CRIPA Investigation Report Findings - 1985

Hartford Courant - April 2, 1985

In 1984, STS was given notice that there would be a CRIPA Investigation, as were many other state facilities in CT. The first two panels on the left include general information concerning various state facilities. They cited sexual assault, lack of supervision, inhumane methods of control (overmedication, restraint, isolation, etc.), and overall filthy conditions.

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The September 1985 article specifically refers to the STS CRIPA report, which revealed that residents are being deprived of their constitutional rights. Once again, they cited negligent supervision, overmedication, and dangerous restraints. In addition, they noted poor medical record keeping, inadequately qualified staff, and preventable injuries. The State Mental Retardation Commissioner Lensink continued to deny some of the findings and insisted that necessary changes were already underway.

 

Similarly, the October-published article stated that "residents do not even enjoy basic physical safety," drawing parallels with MTS as well.

Expert Medical Consultation - 1993

At my first visit to the archives, I found this file buried in a box of Messier case-related materials. After having gone through stacks of back-and-forth legal motions that presented evidence, refuted said evidence, asked for deadline extensions, etc., I got to a packet sizably thicker than most others. At first glance, I assumed that it must have been another summary of more seemingly futile legalities, but upon closer look, I realized that the papers included personal medical information of various residents. It seems to be a report of one of the many federally-enforced visits of STS mandated by the US v. Connecticut Consent Decree. The evidence presented by Dr. Wachtel was clear as day: conditions at STS were still dangerous and unjust. Firstly, overmedication and improper use of restraints had not been remediated. One person was prescribed both Zoloft and Lithium at the same time, which increases risk for serotonin syndrome and can quickly lead to fatal complications if not monitored appropriately. Another resident was noted to be reactive to back pain, and rather than addressing the root cause of her pain, they prescribed more psychotropic medications. Secondly, there were several instances noted in which individuals' treatment plans were not carried out in a timely manner, or even at all, severely endangering their health and quality of life. Medical records were terribly disorganized, and they often contained inaccuracies and omissions, making it difficult to keep track of an individual's condition. For example, there was patient admitted to the hospital who had Parkinsonism listed in his diagnosis, which turned out to be false in a neurological examination, bringing into question many medications he was on. Furthermore, multiple patients' statuses were defaulted to DNR even though they didn't have any underlying conditions that would justify that call. It makes me wonder how many inaccuracies or gaps in the reports were a result of negligence, or if they might have been purposeful.

CT State Library Archives

Miscellaneous

David C. Shaw Affidavit Cases

David C. Shaw is an attorney who played a major role in various cases advocating on behalf of people with disabilities, including those who were institutionalized at MTS and STS. I found his affidavit at the archives, and included some relevant lawsuits below.​

CT State Library Archives

Rich Beyond Measure (link to article)

In this article, Pamela Arturi recounts her experiences visiting STS. The descriptions and imagery she used brought me back to the horrors of both Willowbrook and MTS. Beds lined up side by side, complete absence of individuality, residents left alone in despair, the stench–these characteristics seem to be universal to all of these state institutions. However, though frightening, Arturi discussed how she became motivated to "make that go away." She reflects on the development of her career from advocating for people at STS in the 1990s, to advocating for those in nursing homes, another institution plagued with abuse and neglect.

Blogpost by Pamela Arturi - September 7, 2011

Young boy restrained due to "misbehavior" - 1975
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NYT article about a new gestural sign language at MTS and STS. It cited a particular story about Eric Uihlein, a resident who used to be tied to his chair to manage erratic behavior. However, employees later realized that he was frustrated and couldn't properly communicate

New York Times - August 31, 1975

To learn more about residents' own accounts of their time at STS 
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